WSN Architectures for Environmental Monitoring Applications

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become ubiquitous, permeating every aspect of human life. In environmental monitoring applications (EMAs), WSNs are essential and provide a holistic view of the deployed environment. Physical sensor devices and actuators are connected across a network in environmental monitoring applications to sense vital environmental factors. EMAs bring together the intelligence and autonomy of autonomous systems to make intelligent decisions and communicate them using communication technologies. This paper discusses the various architectures developed for WSNs in environmental monitoring applications and the support for specific design goals, including machine learning in WSNs and its potential in environmental monitoring applications.