Who Funds Research in Ghana? A Scoping Review of Published Articles in the Last Decade

Background: Research and innovation are crucial drivers of economic and social development in any country. However, the sources and allocation of research funding can significantly impact the priorities, quality, and impact of the research conducted. This scoping review aims to map and characterize research funding sources in Ghana over the last decade. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Relevant studies published between January 2014 and March 2024 were included, and data on the funding sources for research projects in Ghana were extracted and analyzed. Results: The search identified 246 relevant studies. The research funding landscape in Ghana is characterized by diverse funding sources. Of the total included studies, the most frequently acknowledged funders were the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (4.4% of studies), the United States Agency for International Development (3.6%), and the National Institutes of Health (3.3%). Funding supported research across multiple sectors, including health, agriculture, education, environmental sustainability, and social development. Conclusion: The findings of this scoping review demonstrate that research funding in Ghana is multifaceted, with a mix of international, national, and local sources. However, the heavy reliance on international donors suggests a need for strengthened domestic funding mechanisms to ensure alignment with national priorities.