TY - JOUR
T1 - Variability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polymerase gene from treatment naïve patients in Accra, Ghana
AU - Sagoe, Kwamena William Coleman
AU - Dwidar, Magdar
AU - Lartey, Margaret
AU - Boamah, Isaac
AU - Agyei, Afrakoma Adjoa
AU - Hayford, Anna Aba
AU - Mingle, Julius Abraham Addo
AU - Arens, Max Q.
PY - 2007/10
Y1 - 2007/10
N2 - Background: Little is known about the HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in Ghana. Objectives: To determine the background protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations of HIV-1 from treatment naïve patients in Ghana. Study design: Twenty-five plasma samples randomly selected were analyzed for drug resistance mutations. The molecular phylogeny and recombinant patterns of the polymerase gene of HIV-1 were also analysed. Results: No major drug-resistance mutations were seen in protease or reverse transcriptase genes. The L10I, L10V, V11I and E35G minor mutations were seen in four patients, while the V179E was observed in a patient with subtype G. An insertion of lysine was found at codon 36 of the protease gene of one patient. The predominant subtype was the CRF02_AG strain (n = 22), but 3 (13.6%) of these were recombinants with HIV-1 subtype K and/or A1. Two patients harboured unclassified/complex strains with D/CRF01_AE and G/CRFAG_02 subtypes for the PR and RT, respectively, using the Stanford Database. Viral loads (VL) ranged from 2290 to >1,500,000 c/ml (mean = 339,065 c/ml). Conclusions: Treatment naïve patients in Ghana before scale-up may have minor but not major PR mutations and high viral loads. The clinical effects of minor mutations/polymorphisms in the PR and RT genes and recombinants need to be investigated.
AB - Background: Little is known about the HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in Ghana. Objectives: To determine the background protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations of HIV-1 from treatment naïve patients in Ghana. Study design: Twenty-five plasma samples randomly selected were analyzed for drug resistance mutations. The molecular phylogeny and recombinant patterns of the polymerase gene of HIV-1 were also analysed. Results: No major drug-resistance mutations were seen in protease or reverse transcriptase genes. The L10I, L10V, V11I and E35G minor mutations were seen in four patients, while the V179E was observed in a patient with subtype G. An insertion of lysine was found at codon 36 of the protease gene of one patient. The predominant subtype was the CRF02_AG strain (n = 22), but 3 (13.6%) of these were recombinants with HIV-1 subtype K and/or A1. Two patients harboured unclassified/complex strains with D/CRF01_AE and G/CRFAG_02 subtypes for the PR and RT, respectively, using the Stanford Database. Viral loads (VL) ranged from 2290 to >1,500,000 c/ml (mean = 339,065 c/ml). Conclusions: Treatment naïve patients in Ghana before scale-up may have minor but not major PR mutations and high viral loads. The clinical effects of minor mutations/polymorphisms in the PR and RT genes and recombinants need to be investigated.
KW - Drug resistance mutations
KW - Ghana
KW - HIV-1
KW - Polymerase gene
KW - Recombinant
KW - Subtype
KW - Treatment naïve
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34548693401&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.07.016
DO - 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.07.016
M3 - Article
C2 - 17827059
AN - SCOPUS:34548693401
SN - 1386-6532
VL - 40
SP - 163
EP - 167
JO - Journal of Clinical Virology
JF - Journal of Clinical Virology
IS - 2
ER -