TY - JOUR
T1 - Typology and performance of inter-organizational relationships among Ghanaian farmers
AU - Adakuia, Abigail Ampomah
AU - Amanor-Boadu, Vincent
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021. Adaku and Amanor-Boadu
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - This study explored inter-organizational relationships (IOR) between farmers and agri-food processors in Ghana and their relative effect on participating farmers’ performance. The IOR were organized into three broad types: governance (formal/informal); orientation (price/quality/quantity); and structure (direct-to-buyer/ farmer-based organization (FBO)/agent). The study showed that about 44% of farmers participated in IOR, and 72% of them use direct-to-buyer relationships compared to 25% and 5% who use FBO and agent. The total exceeds 100% because some farmers used multiple IOR structures. Likewise, more than half of farmers involved in IOR use multiple orientations, with 29%, 81% and 54% of them using orientations involving quantity, quality, and price specifications, respectively. Formal governance IOR accounted for 31% of IOR by governance. On performance, the average farm income of farmers involved in IOR was GHS 3,947, which was 3.1 times higher than non-IOR farmers, and those with formal arrangements had 6.4 times higher average farm income than farmers in informal relationships. IOR with formal governance and quality-price orientation presented positive and statistically significant effects on marginal benefits while producer demographic and socio-economic characteristics did not.
AB - This study explored inter-organizational relationships (IOR) between farmers and agri-food processors in Ghana and their relative effect on participating farmers’ performance. The IOR were organized into three broad types: governance (formal/informal); orientation (price/quality/quantity); and structure (direct-to-buyer/ farmer-based organization (FBO)/agent). The study showed that about 44% of farmers participated in IOR, and 72% of them use direct-to-buyer relationships compared to 25% and 5% who use FBO and agent. The total exceeds 100% because some farmers used multiple IOR structures. Likewise, more than half of farmers involved in IOR use multiple orientations, with 29%, 81% and 54% of them using orientations involving quantity, quality, and price specifications, respectively. Formal governance IOR accounted for 31% of IOR by governance. On performance, the average farm income of farmers involved in IOR was GHS 3,947, which was 3.1 times higher than non-IOR farmers, and those with formal arrangements had 6.4 times higher average farm income than farmers in informal relationships. IOR with formal governance and quality-price orientation presented positive and statistically significant effects on marginal benefits while producer demographic and socio-economic characteristics did not.
KW - Farmer-based organization
KW - Governance
KW - Inter-organizational relationships
KW - Marginal benefit
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130058997&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.22434/IFAMR2020.0170
DO - 10.22434/IFAMR2020.0170
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85130058997
SN - 1559-2448
VL - 25
SP - 379
EP - 390
JO - International Food and Agribusiness Management Review
JF - International Food and Agribusiness Management Review
IS - 3
ER -