The SAIDAR communication model for nurse–patient encounters and interactions: An integrative critical review and model development

Effective communication between nurses and patients is crucial for therapeutic interactions. It influences trust, patient satisfaction, adherence, and overall health outcomes. Various communication models have been developed over time to guide practice, incorporating fundamental concepts of therapeutic encounters; nevertheless, the majority are not designed for application in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The SAIDAR communication model is suggested to address this disparity. This review integrates elements of an integrative review with a critical review perspective to provide a narrative synthesis of theoretical and applied communication models derived from seminal works in the field of health communication. Using the CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases without date restrictions, the selected seminal authors were retrieved. Elicit, an artificial intelligence-driven research assistant, and the Google Scholar search engine were utilized together, and citation chaining facilitated the retrieval of relevant studies, which were analyzed using inductive dominant thematic analysis. Thirteen studies beneficial to the review question were included, and six themes were generated. These themes were salutation, assessing the environment, informing and explaining the task, doing, demonstrating, and performing the task; applauding, correcting, and appreciating, and reinforcing knowledge of the receiver of care. The critical analysis of these themes culminated in the formulation of the SAIDAR communication model. The current model integrates a structured communication framework that acknowledges the individuality of man and environmental assessment and demonstrates, appreciates, and reinforces knowledge. This model is an adaptable and acontextual communication tool suitable for various healthcare environments.