TY - JOUR
T1 - Simultaneous targeted and non-targeted analysis of plastic-related contaminants in e-waste impacted soil in Agbogbloshie, Ghana
AU - Zheng, Jingyun
AU - Mittal, Krittika
AU - Fobil, Julius N.
AU - Basu, Niladri
AU - Bayen, Stéphane
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors
PY - 2024/3/20
Y1 - 2024/3/20
N2 - An LC-MS based analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous targeted analysis and suspect screening of plastic-related contaminants in e-waste impacted soils. Satisfactory recoveries (97 ± 13 %) were achieved using ultrasound-assisted extraction for 14/15 of the targeted analytes (7 bisphenols and 8 plasticizers) in a range of agricultural and non-agricultural soils. The method was applied to 53 soil samples collected in May 2015 in the region of Agbogbloshie (Ghana) at e-waste facilities (incl. Dump, trade, and burn sites), neighboring non-agricultural (incl. upstream, downstream, and community) and agricultural fields, and at two control agricultural sites away from e-waste recycling facilities. Bisphenol A (BPA) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the two dominant contaminants in e-waste soil (with concentrations up to 48.7 and 184 μg g−1, respectively), especially at the trade site, where e-waste was sorted and dismantled. The non-targeted workflow was successfully applied to identify additional plastic-related contaminants previously unreported in e-waste impacted soils, including bis(2-propylheptyl) phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, diphenyl phosphate, and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether. The agricultural soils surrounding the e-waste sites were also contaminated by plastic-related chemicals (especially DEHP), highlighting the impact of e-waste activities on the surrounding agricultural system.
AB - An LC-MS based analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous targeted analysis and suspect screening of plastic-related contaminants in e-waste impacted soils. Satisfactory recoveries (97 ± 13 %) were achieved using ultrasound-assisted extraction for 14/15 of the targeted analytes (7 bisphenols and 8 plasticizers) in a range of agricultural and non-agricultural soils. The method was applied to 53 soil samples collected in May 2015 in the region of Agbogbloshie (Ghana) at e-waste facilities (incl. Dump, trade, and burn sites), neighboring non-agricultural (incl. upstream, downstream, and community) and agricultural fields, and at two control agricultural sites away from e-waste recycling facilities. Bisphenol A (BPA) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the two dominant contaminants in e-waste soil (with concentrations up to 48.7 and 184 μg g−1, respectively), especially at the trade site, where e-waste was sorted and dismantled. The non-targeted workflow was successfully applied to identify additional plastic-related contaminants previously unreported in e-waste impacted soils, including bis(2-propylheptyl) phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, diphenyl phosphate, and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether. The agricultural soils surrounding the e-waste sites were also contaminated by plastic-related chemicals (especially DEHP), highlighting the impact of e-waste activities on the surrounding agricultural system.
KW - Bisphenols
KW - LC-MS
KW - Plasticizers
KW - Suspect screening
KW - Unknown contaminants
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85183454177&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170219
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170219
M3 - Article
C2 - 38266721
AN - SCOPUS:85183454177
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 917
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
M1 - 170219
ER -