TY - JOUR
T1 - Self-reported smoking, urine cotinine, and risk of type 2 diabetes
T2 - Findings from the PREVEND prospective cohort study
AU - Kunutsor, Setor K.
AU - Tetteh, John
AU - Dey, Richard S.
AU - Touw, Daan J.
AU - Dullaart, Robin P.F.
AU - Bakker, Stephan J.L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors
PY - 2024/8
Y1 - 2024/8
N2 - Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the evidence has mostly relied on self-reports. We aimed to compare the associations of smoking exposure as assessed by self-reports and urine cotinine with T2D. Methods: Using the PREVEND prospective study, smoking status was assessed at baseline by self-reports and urine cotinine in 4708 participants (mean age, 53 years) without a history of diabetes. Participants were classified as never, former, light current and heavy current smokers according to self-reports and analogous cut-offs for urine cotinine. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated for T2D. Results: During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 259 participants developed T2D. Compared with self-reported never smokers, the multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CI) of T2D for former, light current, and heavy current smokers were 1.02 (0.75–1.4), 1.41 (0.89–2.22), and 1.30 (0.88–1.93), respectively. The corresponding adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 0.84 (0.43–1.67), 1.61 (1.12–2.31), and 1.58 (1.08–2.32), respectively, as assessed by urine cotinine. Urine cotinine-assessed but not self-reported smoking status improved T2D risk prediction beyond established risk factors. Conclusion: Urine cotinine assessed smoking status may be a stronger risk indicator and predictor of T2D compared to self-reported smoking status.
AB - Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the evidence has mostly relied on self-reports. We aimed to compare the associations of smoking exposure as assessed by self-reports and urine cotinine with T2D. Methods: Using the PREVEND prospective study, smoking status was assessed at baseline by self-reports and urine cotinine in 4708 participants (mean age, 53 years) without a history of diabetes. Participants were classified as never, former, light current and heavy current smokers according to self-reports and analogous cut-offs for urine cotinine. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated for T2D. Results: During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 259 participants developed T2D. Compared with self-reported never smokers, the multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CI) of T2D for former, light current, and heavy current smokers were 1.02 (0.75–1.4), 1.41 (0.89–2.22), and 1.30 (0.88–1.93), respectively. The corresponding adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 0.84 (0.43–1.67), 1.61 (1.12–2.31), and 1.58 (1.08–2.32), respectively, as assessed by urine cotinine. Urine cotinine-assessed but not self-reported smoking status improved T2D risk prediction beyond established risk factors. Conclusion: Urine cotinine assessed smoking status may be a stronger risk indicator and predictor of T2D compared to self-reported smoking status.
KW - Cohort study
KW - Cotinine
KW - Risk factor
KW - Smoking
KW - Type 2 diabetes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85192981596&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pcd.2024.04.004
DO - 10.1016/j.pcd.2024.04.004
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85192981596
SN - 1751-9918
VL - 18
SP - 414
EP - 421
JO - Primary Care Diabetes
JF - Primary Care Diabetes
IS - 4
ER -