Role of actor networks in primary health care implementation in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

Dominic Dormenyo Gadeka, Patricia Akweongo, Eleanor Whyle, Genevieve Cecilia Aryeetey, Justice Moses Aheto, Lucy Gilson

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Primary health care (PHC) improvement is often undermined by implementation gaps in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The influence that actor networks might have on the implementation has received little attention up to this point. Objective: This study sought to offer insights about actor networks and how they support PHC implementation in LMICs. Methods: We reviewed primary studies that utilised social network analysis (SNA) to determine actor networks and their influence on aspects of PHC in LMICs following the five-stage scoping review methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley. Narrative synthesis was applied to describe the included studies and the results. Results: Thirteen primary studies were found eligible for this review. Ten network types were identified from the included papers across different contexts and actors: professional advice networks, peer networks, support/supervisory networks, friendship networks, referral networks, community health committee (CHC) networks, inter-sectoral collaboration networks, partnership networks, communications networks, and inter-organisational network. The networks were found to support PHC implementation at patient/household or community-level, health facility-level and multi-partner networks that work across levels. The study demonstrates that: (1) patient/household or community-level networks promote early health-seeking, continuity of care and inclusiveness by enabling network members (actors) the support that ensures access to PHC services, (2) health facility-level networks enable collaboration among PHC staff and also ensure the building of social capital that enhances accountability and access to community health services, and (3) multi-partner networks that work across levels promote implementation by facilitating information and resource sharing, high professional trust and effective communication among actors. Conclusion: This body of literature reviewed suggests that, actor networks exist across different levels and that they make a difference in PHC implementation. Social Network Analysis may be a useful approach to health policy analysis (HPA) on implementation.

Original languageEnglish
Article number2206684
JournalGlobal Health Action
Volume16
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2023

Keywords

  • Policy implementation
  • actor networks
  • health policy analysis
  • primary health care
  • social network analysis

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