TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk factors for COVID-19 infections among health care workers in Ghana
AU - Lartey, Margaret
AU - Kenu, Ernest
AU - Ganu, Vincent Jessey
AU - Asiedu-Bekoe, Franklin
AU - Opoku, Baafour Kofi
AU - Yawson, Alfred
AU - Ohene, Sally Ann
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright: © 2023 Lartey et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2023/7
Y1 - 2023/7
N2 - Introduction Health care workers (HCWs) are crucial to the fight against COVID-19 and are at risk of being infected. We sought to determine the risk factors and associations of COVID-19 among HCWs in Ghana during the period of the pandemic. Materials and methods A case-control study was conducted using the WHO COVID-19 HCWs exposure risk assessment tool. A HCW was categorized as “high risk” for COVID-19 if s/he did not respond “always, as recommended” to adherence to Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures during a healthcare interaction. A HCW was categorized as “low risk” if s/he responded “always, as recommended” to adherence to IPC measures. We used univariate and multiple logistic regression models to determine associated risk factors. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results A total of 2402 HCWs were recruited and the mean age was 33.2±7.1 years. Almost 87% (1525/1745) of HCWs had high risk for COVID-19 infection. Risk factors identified were profession (doctor- aOR: 2.13, 95%CI: 1.54–2.94; radiographer—aOR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.44–3.09)), presence of comorbidity (aOR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.29–2.78), community exposure to virus (aOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03–1.55), not performing hand hygiene before and after aseptic procedures performed (aOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.05–2.45); not frequently decontaminating high-touch surfaces always as recommended (aOR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.65–3.22; p = 0.001) and contact with a confirmed COVID-19 patient (aOR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.15–1.67). Among those who came into any form of contact with confirmed COVID-19 patient, providing direct care (aOR: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.36–2.94), face-to-face contact (aOR: 2.23, 95%CI: 1.41–3.51), contact with environment/materials used by COVID-19 patient (aOR: 2.25, 95%CI: 1.45–3.49) and presence during conduct of aerosol generating procedures (aOR: 2.73, 95%CI: 1.74–4.28) were associated with COVID-19 infection. Conclusion Non-adherence to IPC guidelines puts HCWs at increased risk of COVID-19 infection thus ensuring IPC adherence is key to reducing this risk.
AB - Introduction Health care workers (HCWs) are crucial to the fight against COVID-19 and are at risk of being infected. We sought to determine the risk factors and associations of COVID-19 among HCWs in Ghana during the period of the pandemic. Materials and methods A case-control study was conducted using the WHO COVID-19 HCWs exposure risk assessment tool. A HCW was categorized as “high risk” for COVID-19 if s/he did not respond “always, as recommended” to adherence to Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures during a healthcare interaction. A HCW was categorized as “low risk” if s/he responded “always, as recommended” to adherence to IPC measures. We used univariate and multiple logistic regression models to determine associated risk factors. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results A total of 2402 HCWs were recruited and the mean age was 33.2±7.1 years. Almost 87% (1525/1745) of HCWs had high risk for COVID-19 infection. Risk factors identified were profession (doctor- aOR: 2.13, 95%CI: 1.54–2.94; radiographer—aOR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.44–3.09)), presence of comorbidity (aOR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.29–2.78), community exposure to virus (aOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03–1.55), not performing hand hygiene before and after aseptic procedures performed (aOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.05–2.45); not frequently decontaminating high-touch surfaces always as recommended (aOR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.65–3.22; p = 0.001) and contact with a confirmed COVID-19 patient (aOR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.15–1.67). Among those who came into any form of contact with confirmed COVID-19 patient, providing direct care (aOR: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.36–2.94), face-to-face contact (aOR: 2.23, 95%CI: 1.41–3.51), contact with environment/materials used by COVID-19 patient (aOR: 2.25, 95%CI: 1.45–3.49) and presence during conduct of aerosol generating procedures (aOR: 2.73, 95%CI: 1.74–4.28) were associated with COVID-19 infection. Conclusion Non-adherence to IPC guidelines puts HCWs at increased risk of COVID-19 infection thus ensuring IPC adherence is key to reducing this risk.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85164263191&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0288242
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0288242
M3 - Article
C2 - 37410736
AN - SCOPUS:85164263191
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 18
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 7 JULY
M1 - e0288242
ER -