TY - GEN
T1 - Real-time Monitoring of Nitrate Concentrations in Groundwater Using Wireless Sensor Network
AU - Buah, Gifty
AU - Nti, Isaac
AU - Sowah, Robert A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 IEEE.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - In recent times, there has been an increase in awareness of groundwater pollution caused by excess nitrate ions. This is a necessary concern as groundwater is a significant source of drinking water for many people, and intake of water polluted with nitrate, primarily by infants, causes low levels of oxygen in the blood, a fatal condition known in biological terms as methemoglobinemia or the blue baby syndrome. As more nitrate ions are introduced into groundwater by applying nitrate fertilizers each year, seepage from septic systems, more lives are threatened. In view of this, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a drinking water standard of 10 milligrams per liter (ml/L) nitrate concentration. An effective monitoring system must regularly measure nitrate ions' concentration in underground water to adhere to this standard. To address the issue of effectively monitoring nitrate concentrations in groundwater while considering energy efficiency and mobility of the user, a real-time monitoring system for nitrate ions in groundwater was developed using a wireless sensor network consisting of nitrate sensors which were situated in the field (groundwater) to collect nitrate concentration data and send the data wirelessly via Bluetooth and the internet to be displayed in an android application. The readings of nitrate concentration were displayed in an android application both numerically and graphically, and a notification was sent to the application user when the nitrate concentration exceeded 8mg/L. The developed monitoring system detected and measured the concentration of nitrate ions in groundwater and transmitted the data obtained to the android application via Bluetooth and the internet through an online database in a delay time of 90 seconds of operation. The system operated and displayed the concentration of nitrate ions in real-time, enhancing early detection of groundwater pollution due to excess nitrate ions.
AB - In recent times, there has been an increase in awareness of groundwater pollution caused by excess nitrate ions. This is a necessary concern as groundwater is a significant source of drinking water for many people, and intake of water polluted with nitrate, primarily by infants, causes low levels of oxygen in the blood, a fatal condition known in biological terms as methemoglobinemia or the blue baby syndrome. As more nitrate ions are introduced into groundwater by applying nitrate fertilizers each year, seepage from septic systems, more lives are threatened. In view of this, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a drinking water standard of 10 milligrams per liter (ml/L) nitrate concentration. An effective monitoring system must regularly measure nitrate ions' concentration in underground water to adhere to this standard. To address the issue of effectively monitoring nitrate concentrations in groundwater while considering energy efficiency and mobility of the user, a real-time monitoring system for nitrate ions in groundwater was developed using a wireless sensor network consisting of nitrate sensors which were situated in the field (groundwater) to collect nitrate concentration data and send the data wirelessly via Bluetooth and the internet to be displayed in an android application. The readings of nitrate concentration were displayed in an android application both numerically and graphically, and a notification was sent to the application user when the nitrate concentration exceeded 8mg/L. The developed monitoring system detected and measured the concentration of nitrate ions in groundwater and transmitted the data obtained to the android application via Bluetooth and the internet through an online database in a delay time of 90 seconds of operation. The system operated and displayed the concentration of nitrate ions in real-time, enhancing early detection of groundwater pollution due to excess nitrate ions.
KW - groundwater
KW - nitrate
KW - real-time monitoring
KW - sensor node
KW - wireless sensor network
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125380026&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/ICAST52759.2021.9682122
DO - 10.1109/ICAST52759.2021.9682122
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85125380026
T3 - IEEE International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology, ICAST
BT - Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 8th International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology, ICAST 2021
PB - IEEE Computer Society
T2 - 8th IEEE International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology, ICAST 2021
Y2 - 25 November 2021 through 26 November 2021
ER -