TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of de novo metastatic cancer at a major radiotherapy centre in West Africa
T2 - a cross-sectional study
AU - Daniels, Joseph
AU - Amunyela, Onesmus Iinekela
AU - Nyantakyi, Andrew Yaw
AU - Ayabilah, Edwina Ayaaba
AU - Tackie, Judith Naa Odey
AU - Kyei, Kofi Adesi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 ecancer Global Foundation. All rights reserved.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Background: Cancer is a major public health challenge in West Africa, with a significant proportion of cancer-related deaths attributed to distant metastasis. De novo metastatic cancer (DnMC), where metastasis is detected at diagnosis, presents considerable therapeutic challenges, particularly in limited-resource settings where novel treatments are often unavailable and/or unaffordable. Aim: To determine the prevalence, incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with DnMC at a major radiotherapy center in West Africa. Methods: This was a single-institution-based quantitative cross-sectional study. Data on the prevalence and incidence of DnMC were retrieved from a hospital-based cancer registry whereas patients' demographic and clinicopathologic data were extracted from patients' medical records and analysed with STATA software (version 16). Descriptive statistics were used to summarise patient- and tumour-related characteristics. Results: The prevalence and incidence of DnMC were 15.2% and 5.3%, respectively, with a 36% overall incidence rate of metastatic cancer. The mean age was 50.9 years (SD 15.2), ranging from 15 to 90 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.6. Also, 28.8% had a history of alcohol intake whereas 13.7% were (tobacco) smokers. Additionally, 10.3% of the patients had a positive family history of cancer. Pain (28.2%) was the most common presenting symptom, followed by bleeding (16.5%). In all, 34.9% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 whereas 33.3% were ECOG 1. The gastrointestinal tract (25.8%) and breasts (17.6%) were the most frequent primary cancer sites, whereas 4.4% had metastatic cancers of unknown primary origin. The most frequent sites of distant metastasis were the lungs (34.6%), liver (28.9%) and bone (13.8%). Adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent histological type (35.2%). Conclusion: There was a relatively high rate of DnMC compared with high-income countries, emphasising the need for early detection and expanded access to comprehensive cancer care in limited-resource settings.
AB - Background: Cancer is a major public health challenge in West Africa, with a significant proportion of cancer-related deaths attributed to distant metastasis. De novo metastatic cancer (DnMC), where metastasis is detected at diagnosis, presents considerable therapeutic challenges, particularly in limited-resource settings where novel treatments are often unavailable and/or unaffordable. Aim: To determine the prevalence, incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with DnMC at a major radiotherapy center in West Africa. Methods: This was a single-institution-based quantitative cross-sectional study. Data on the prevalence and incidence of DnMC were retrieved from a hospital-based cancer registry whereas patients' demographic and clinicopathologic data were extracted from patients' medical records and analysed with STATA software (version 16). Descriptive statistics were used to summarise patient- and tumour-related characteristics. Results: The prevalence and incidence of DnMC were 15.2% and 5.3%, respectively, with a 36% overall incidence rate of metastatic cancer. The mean age was 50.9 years (SD 15.2), ranging from 15 to 90 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.6. Also, 28.8% had a history of alcohol intake whereas 13.7% were (tobacco) smokers. Additionally, 10.3% of the patients had a positive family history of cancer. Pain (28.2%) was the most common presenting symptom, followed by bleeding (16.5%). In all, 34.9% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 whereas 33.3% were ECOG 1. The gastrointestinal tract (25.8%) and breasts (17.6%) were the most frequent primary cancer sites, whereas 4.4% had metastatic cancers of unknown primary origin. The most frequent sites of distant metastasis were the lungs (34.6%), liver (28.9%) and bone (13.8%). Adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent histological type (35.2%). Conclusion: There was a relatively high rate of DnMC compared with high-income countries, emphasising the need for early detection and expanded access to comprehensive cancer care in limited-resource settings.
KW - cancer prevalence
KW - cancer treatment
KW - de novo metastasis
KW - metastatic adenocarcinoma
KW - radiotherapy
KW - treatment naïve patients
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85211020922&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1805
DO - 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1805
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85211020922
SN - 1754-6605
VL - 18
JO - ecancermedicalscience
JF - ecancermedicalscience
M1 - 1805
ER -