TY - JOUR
T1 - Plasma levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in Ghanaian children with vaccine-modified measles
AU - Tetteh, John K.A.
AU - Addae, Mark M.
AU - Ishiwada, Naruhiko
AU - Yempewu, Sena M.
AU - Yamaguchi, Shinya
AU - Ofori-Adjei, David
AU - Kamiya, Hitoshi
AU - Komada, Yoshihiro
AU - Akanmori, Bartholomew D.
PY - 2003/4
Y1 - 2003/4
N2 - To understand the pathogenesis of vaccine-modified measles (VMM), we measured plasma levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 (Th1 cytokines), IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), IL-12, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in children with uncomplicated measles, who had anti-measles IgG antibodies and with a history of immunization on admission (day 0), day 14 and day 60. We compared these to levels in healthy, age-matched, immunized children. Plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-12 were significantly higher in VMM patients on day 0 compared to healthy controls (p = 0.023; p = 0.018; p = 0.001) respectively. In contrast, plasma IL-4 was lower in VMM patients on day 0 when compared to the controls (p = 0.009). Plasma levels of IL-12 remained consistently high on days 14 and 60 (p = 0.001; p = 0.04), whilst IL-10 levels fell significantly on the same days (p = 0.002; p = 0.001) respectively. Kinetically, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels decreased consistently from day 0 to days 14 and 60 in VMM patients. In contrast, IL-4 levels increased from day 0 to day 14 and day 60. Our results therefore suggest that VMM is associated with an early up-regulation of Th1 cytokine production and a down-regulation of Th2 cytokine production. The strong Th1 response may be associated with the induction of IL-12 and memory cells, thus contributing to the early resolution of the infection and lack of complications.
AB - To understand the pathogenesis of vaccine-modified measles (VMM), we measured plasma levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 (Th1 cytokines), IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), IL-12, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in children with uncomplicated measles, who had anti-measles IgG antibodies and with a history of immunization on admission (day 0), day 14 and day 60. We compared these to levels in healthy, age-matched, immunized children. Plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-12 were significantly higher in VMM patients on day 0 compared to healthy controls (p = 0.023; p = 0.018; p = 0.001) respectively. In contrast, plasma IL-4 was lower in VMM patients on day 0 when compared to the controls (p = 0.009). Plasma levels of IL-12 remained consistently high on days 14 and 60 (p = 0.001; p = 0.04), whilst IL-10 levels fell significantly on the same days (p = 0.002; p = 0.001) respectively. Kinetically, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels decreased consistently from day 0 to days 14 and 60 in VMM patients. In contrast, IL-4 levels increased from day 0 to day 14 and day 60. Our results therefore suggest that VMM is associated with an early up-regulation of Th1 cytokine production and a down-regulation of Th2 cytokine production. The strong Th1 response may be associated with the induction of IL-12 and memory cells, thus contributing to the early resolution of the infection and lack of complications.
KW - Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
KW - Interleukin (IL)
KW - T helper (Th)
KW - Tumor growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)
KW - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
KW - Vaccine-modified measles (VMM)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0042878619&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
C2 - 12957792
AN - SCOPUS:0042878619
SN - 1148-5493
VL - 14
SP - 109
EP - 113
JO - European Cytokine Network
JF - European Cytokine Network
IS - 2
ER -