TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimal control and comprehensive cost-effectiveness analysis for COVID-19
AU - Asamoah, Joshua Kiddy K.
AU - Okyere, Eric
AU - Abidemi, Afeez
AU - Moore, Stephen E.
AU - Sun, Gui Quan
AU - Jin, Zhen
AU - Acheampong, Edward
AU - Gordon, Joseph Frank
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/2
Y1 - 2022/2
N2 - Cost-effectiveness analysis is a mode of determining both the cost and economic health outcomes of one or more control interventions. In this work, we have formulated a non-autonomous nonlinear deterministic model to study the control of COVID-19 to unravel the cost and economic health outcomes for the autonomous nonlinear model proposed for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We calculated the strength number and noticed the strength number is less than zero, meaning the proposed model does not capture multiple waves, hence to capture multiple wave new compartmental model may require for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We proposed an optimal control problem based on a previously studied model and proved the existence of the proposed optimal control model. The optimality system associated with the non-autonomous epidemic model is derived using Pontryagin's maximum principle. The optimal control model captures four time-dependent control functions, thus, u1-practising physical or social distancing protocols; u2-practising personal hygiene by cleaning contaminated surfaces with alcohol-based detergents; u3-practising proper and safety measures by exposed, asymptomatic and symptomatic infected individuals; u4-fumigating schools in all levels of education, sports facilities, commercial areas and religious worship centres. We have performed numerical simulations to investigate extensive cost-effectiveness analysis for fourteen optimal control strategies. Comparing the control strategies, we noticed that; Strategy 1 (practising physical or social distancing protocols) is the most cost-saving and most effective control intervention in Saudi Arabia in the absence of vaccination. But, in terms of the infection averted, we saw that strategy 6, strategy 11, strategy 12, and strategy 14 are just as good in controlling COVID-19.
AB - Cost-effectiveness analysis is a mode of determining both the cost and economic health outcomes of one or more control interventions. In this work, we have formulated a non-autonomous nonlinear deterministic model to study the control of COVID-19 to unravel the cost and economic health outcomes for the autonomous nonlinear model proposed for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We calculated the strength number and noticed the strength number is less than zero, meaning the proposed model does not capture multiple waves, hence to capture multiple wave new compartmental model may require for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We proposed an optimal control problem based on a previously studied model and proved the existence of the proposed optimal control model. The optimality system associated with the non-autonomous epidemic model is derived using Pontryagin's maximum principle. The optimal control model captures four time-dependent control functions, thus, u1-practising physical or social distancing protocols; u2-practising personal hygiene by cleaning contaminated surfaces with alcohol-based detergents; u3-practising proper and safety measures by exposed, asymptomatic and symptomatic infected individuals; u4-fumigating schools in all levels of education, sports facilities, commercial areas and religious worship centres. We have performed numerical simulations to investigate extensive cost-effectiveness analysis for fourteen optimal control strategies. Comparing the control strategies, we noticed that; Strategy 1 (practising physical or social distancing protocols) is the most cost-saving and most effective control intervention in Saudi Arabia in the absence of vaccination. But, in terms of the infection averted, we saw that strategy 6, strategy 11, strategy 12, and strategy 14 are just as good in controlling COVID-19.
KW - Control strategies
KW - Cost minimizing analysis
KW - Economic health outcomes
KW - Existence of optimal control
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122945573&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.rinp.2022.105177
DO - 10.1016/j.rinp.2022.105177
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85122945573
SN - 2211-3797
VL - 33
JO - Results in Physics
JF - Results in Physics
M1 - 105177
ER -