Navigating the Parasitic Landscape: Insights into Infection Patterns and Public Health Strategies in West Africa

Parasitic infections remain a significant public health challenge in West Africa, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates, economic burdens, and healthcare system strain. Malaria, soil-transmitted helminths, schistosomiasis, and other parasitic diseases persist due to environmental, socio-economic, and healthcare barriers. A systematic literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Studies published between 2014 and 2024 were screened using predefined eligibility criteria. Cross-sectional and case–control studies reporting on prevalence, diagnostic techniques, and treatment of parasitic infections in West Africa were included. The Rayyan online platform was used for screening, and data extraction focused on study location, prevalence rates, diagnostic methods, and treatment regimens. This review identified the high prevalence rates of malaria, schistosomiasis, and soil-transmitted helminths across various West African countries. Co-infections were frequently reported, particularly among children and pregnant women. Diagnostic methods ranged from traditional microscopy to advanced molecular techniques, though accessibility remained a challenge in resource-limited settings. Treatment strategies, including artemisinin-based combination therapies for malaria and mass drug administration for helminths, showed varying efficacy due to reinfection risks and emerging drug resistance. Factors influencing transmission included environmental conditions, sanitation practices, socio-economic status, and healthcare access. Parasitic infections in West Africa continue to pose significant health and economic challenges. Integrated control programs, enhanced surveillance systems, improved access to diagnostics and treatment, and targeted public health interventions are essential for reducing disease burden. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term impact of existing interventions and explore innovative solutions for parasite control and elimination.