Multilingual validation of the questionnaire for verifying stroke-free status in West Africa

Fred Sarfo, Mulugeta Gebregziabher, Bruce Ovbiagele, Rufus Akinyemi, Lukman Owolabi, Reginald Obiako, Onoja Akpa, Kevin Armstrong, Albert Akpalu, Sheila Adamu, Vida Obese, Nana Boa-Antwi, Lambert Appiah, Oyedunni Arulogun, Yaw Mensah, Abiodun Adeoye, Aridegbe Tosin, Osimhiarherhuo Adeleye, Eric Tabi-Ajayi, Ibinaiye PhillipAbubakar Sani, Suleiman Isah, Nasir Tabari, Aliyu Mande, Atinuke Agunloye, Godwin Ogbole, Joshua Akinyemi, Ruth Laryea, Sylvia Melikam, Ezinne Uvere, Gregory Adekunle, Salaam Kehinde, Paschal Azuh, Abdul Dambatta, Naser Ishaq, Raelle Saulson, Donna Arnett, Hemnant Tiwari, Carolyn Jenkins, Dan Lackland, Mayowa Owolabi

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

46 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background and Purpose - The Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke-Free Status (QVSFS), a method for verifying stroke-free status in participants of clinical, epidemiological, and genetic studies, has not been validated in low-income settings where populations have limited knowledge of stroke symptoms. We aimed to validate QVSFS in 3 languages, Yoruba, Hausa and Akan, for ascertainment of stroke-free status of control subjects enrolled in an on-going stroke epidemiological study in West Africa. Methods - Data were collected using a cross-sectional study design where 384 participants were consecutively recruited from neurology and general medicine clinics of 5 tertiary referral hospitals in Nigeria and Ghana. Ascertainment of stroke status was by neurologists using structured neurological examination, review of case records, and neuroimaging (gold standard). Relative performance of QVSFS without and with pictures of stroke symptoms (pictograms) was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Results - The overall median age of the study participants was 54 years and 48.4% were males. Of 165 stroke cases identified by gold standard, 98% were determined to have had stroke, whereas of 219 without stroke 87% were determined to be stroke-free by QVSFS. Negative predictive value of the QVSFS across the 3 languages was 0.97 (range, 0.93-1.00), sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were 0.98, 0.82, and 0.80, respectively. Agreement between the questionnaire with and without the pictogram was excellent/strong with Cohen k=0.92. Conclusions - QVSFS is a valid tool for verifying stroke-free status across culturally diverse populations in West Africa.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)167-172
Number of pages6
JournalStroke
Volume47
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jan 2016

Keywords

  • Ghana
  • cross-sectional studies
  • neurology
  • sensitivity and specificity
  • stroke

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