Molecular Basis of Chemical Pathologies

Chemical pathology, as an area in science, involves the study of abnormal bodily functions, and the use of biochemical and molecular techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Chemical pathologies occur as a result of interruptions in the normal biochemical processes that occur within the body. Many chemical pathologies are caused by modifications in molecular pathways that control vital cellular processes such as metabolism, cell signaling, and gene expression. Extensive research has been done on the molecular basis of chemical pathologies, and a number of molecular pathways that play roles in the emergence of many diseases. Some molecular changes that occur during chemical pathologies may be genetic or epigenetic, as well as post-translational modifications, protein misfolding, and alterations in signaling pathways. The molecular basis for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, and atherosclerosis is outlined in this chapter, highlighting their genetic and epigenetic basis. Potential treatment targets for various disorders, resulting from developments in our understanding of these molecular pathways, are also identified in this chapter. Nonetheless, additional research is required to create effective treatments for these chemical pathologies because there is still much to learn about these diseases.