TY - JOUR
T1 - Modeling of Hydraulic Performance in Disks and Full-Scale Ceramic Water Filters
AU - Heylen, Camille
AU - Annan, Ebenezer
AU - Monahan, Kyle
AU - String, Gabrielle
AU - Lantagne, Daniele
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/6/1
Y1 - 2021/6/1
N2 - Ceramic filters for household water treatment can improve water quality and reduce diarrheal disease. Hydraulic performance is critical for quality control and user acceptability, and hydraulic models have previously been developed and tested with experimental full-scale filters. As filters are cumbersome, there is interest in using disks instead of filters in laboratory efficacy studies. To assess the validity of disk use, we collected experimental volume from three sets of full-scale frustum-shaped filters and matching disks with different burn-out material sieve sizes and firing temperatures. We compared the experimental and fitted data by calibrating hydraulic conductivities from filters and disks. Hydraulic conductivities increased with larger burn-out material and higher firing temperatures but were comparable between filters and disks (2.00-6.15 × 10-7m·s-1 and 2.69-6.32 × 10-7m·s-1, respectively). We found that previously described hydraulic models successfully predicted cumulative volumes for filters and disks with rRMSE ranging from 2.1 to 9.6% (filters) and 3.4 to 4.7% (disks). The error increased slightly (rRMSE: 5.0-15%) when predicting hydraulic parameters for filters from the hydraulic conductivity of disks. Our results validate a method to predict full-scale filter hydraulic performance from hydraulic conductivity of disks and can be used to simplify and increase testing capacity, resulting in higher quality, more acceptable filters that improve household drinking water quality.
AB - Ceramic filters for household water treatment can improve water quality and reduce diarrheal disease. Hydraulic performance is critical for quality control and user acceptability, and hydraulic models have previously been developed and tested with experimental full-scale filters. As filters are cumbersome, there is interest in using disks instead of filters in laboratory efficacy studies. To assess the validity of disk use, we collected experimental volume from three sets of full-scale frustum-shaped filters and matching disks with different burn-out material sieve sizes and firing temperatures. We compared the experimental and fitted data by calibrating hydraulic conductivities from filters and disks. Hydraulic conductivities increased with larger burn-out material and higher firing temperatures but were comparable between filters and disks (2.00-6.15 × 10-7m·s-1 and 2.69-6.32 × 10-7m·s-1, respectively). We found that previously described hydraulic models successfully predicted cumulative volumes for filters and disks with rRMSE ranging from 2.1 to 9.6% (filters) and 3.4 to 4.7% (disks). The error increased slightly (rRMSE: 5.0-15%) when predicting hydraulic parameters for filters from the hydraulic conductivity of disks. Our results validate a method to predict full-scale filter hydraulic performance from hydraulic conductivity of disks and can be used to simplify and increase testing capacity, resulting in higher quality, more acceptable filters that improve household drinking water quality.
KW - ceramic disks
KW - ceramic water filters
KW - household water treatment
KW - hydraulic performance
KW - water quantity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106484926&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.1c01886
DO - 10.1021/acs.est.1c01886
M3 - Article
C2 - 33983013
AN - SCOPUS:85106484926
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 55
SP - 7702
EP - 7710
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 11
ER -