Maternal Stress and Coping Experiences in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Qualitative Study in the Greater Accra Metropolis

Background: The birth of a child is typically associated with joy and relief; however, when a newborn is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), parental stress often persists or intensifies. The duration of a newborn's stay in the NICU can have a significant effect on parental well-being. Aim: This study explored the experiences of stress among mothers with hospitalised newborns in NICUs within the Accra Metropolis. Study Design: A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory design was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 purposively selected parents in NICUs. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic content analysis. The study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Results: Three main themes and eight subthemes support these findings. Maternal and perinatal stressors include complicated pregnancy experiences, challenges during labour and delivery and the stress associated with newborn admission to the NICU. Environmental and systemic burdens encompassed the strain of daily commute and physical exhaustion, discomfort within the NICU setting and the stressful nature of the NICU environment. Maternal coping and adaptation reflected emotional regulation through social withdrawal, alongside spiritual coping and faith-based practices that provided strength and hope. Conclusions: Mothers of newborns admitted to the NICU face multiple stressors that affect their emotional well-being. This study highlights the need for anticipatory guidance and mental health support, particularly through pre-delivery counselling for expectant mothers at risk of NICU admissions. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Emotional support of parents in the NICU is essential for holistic newborn care. Nurses and midwives should offer anticipatory guidance, psychosocial support and culturally appropriate interventions including spiritual care. Pre-delivery counselling and parental support systems can improve coping and overall outcomes for both parents and newborns.