TY - JOUR
T1 - Mammography examination among women aged 40 years or older in Ghana
T2 - evidence from wave 2 of the World Health Organization's study on global AGEing and adult health multicountry longitudinal study
AU - Calys-Tagoe, B. N.L.
AU - Aheto, J. M.K.
AU - Mensah, G.
AU - Biritwum, R. B.
AU - Yawson, A. E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Royal Society for Public Health
PY - 2020/4
Y1 - 2020/4
N2 - Objective: To determine the uptake of mammography among Ghanaian women aged 40 years or older and to examine critical risk factors that influence the uptake. Study design: A cross-sectional survey. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 2787 women and 1948 men aged ≥18 years were surveyed in the Wave 2 (2014-2015) of the World Health Organization's multicountry study on AGEing and adult health in Ghana. Of the 2787 women aged ≥18 years, data on a total of 2301 women aged ≥40 years were included in this study. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine critical risk factors for mammogram examination. Results: Of the 2301 women sampled, only 83 (3.61%) ever had mammogram. The odds of mammogram examination were lower for women aged ≥70 years (odds ratio [OR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19, 0.93), being self-employed (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.42) and being informal sector employee (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.57) in the multivariable analyses. Belonging to the Ewe ethnic group (OR=3.41, 95% CI:1.88, 6.16) compared to the Akan group was associated with increased odds of mammogram examination in the multivariable analysis. Women aged ≥70 years, being self-employed, being an informal employee and belonging to the Ewe ethnic group were independently associated with mammography examination. Conclusion: The prevalence of screening for breast cancer using mammography among Ghanaian women aged 40 years and older was 3.6%. Age, type of employer and ethnicity were associated with an older adult woman's likelihood to access mammography screening. Overall, our study provided critical data to encourage and promote good health-seeking behaviour in terms of breast cancer screening among older adult women. Further qualitative studies are warranted to explore why some of these factors influence mammography.
AB - Objective: To determine the uptake of mammography among Ghanaian women aged 40 years or older and to examine critical risk factors that influence the uptake. Study design: A cross-sectional survey. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 2787 women and 1948 men aged ≥18 years were surveyed in the Wave 2 (2014-2015) of the World Health Organization's multicountry study on AGEing and adult health in Ghana. Of the 2787 women aged ≥18 years, data on a total of 2301 women aged ≥40 years were included in this study. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine critical risk factors for mammogram examination. Results: Of the 2301 women sampled, only 83 (3.61%) ever had mammogram. The odds of mammogram examination were lower for women aged ≥70 years (odds ratio [OR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19, 0.93), being self-employed (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.42) and being informal sector employee (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.57) in the multivariable analyses. Belonging to the Ewe ethnic group (OR=3.41, 95% CI:1.88, 6.16) compared to the Akan group was associated with increased odds of mammogram examination in the multivariable analysis. Women aged ≥70 years, being self-employed, being an informal employee and belonging to the Ewe ethnic group were independently associated with mammography examination. Conclusion: The prevalence of screening for breast cancer using mammography among Ghanaian women aged 40 years and older was 3.6%. Age, type of employer and ethnicity were associated with an older adult woman's likelihood to access mammography screening. Overall, our study provided critical data to encourage and promote good health-seeking behaviour in terms of breast cancer screening among older adult women. Further qualitative studies are warranted to explore why some of these factors influence mammography.
KW - Breast cancer screening
KW - Developing countries
KW - Ghanaian women
KW - Mammography
KW - Sub-Saharan Africa
KW - WHO SAGE study
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85077658672&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.11.022
DO - 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.11.022
M3 - Article
C2 - 31940503
AN - SCOPUS:85077658672
SN - 0033-3506
VL - 181
SP - 40
EP - 45
JO - Public Health
JF - Public Health
ER -