Local governments and sustainable flood risk governance in Ghana: organizational learning theory perspective

Recurrent flooding in Accra stems from natural exposure and persistent human-induced pressures. This study examines how the Korle Klottey Municipal Assembly (KoKMA) interprets and manages flood risk through Organizational Learning Theory. Using a qualitative case study, interviews with municipal officials, assembly members, and residents show that responses remain reactive and rooted in single-loop learning, constrained by political turnover, limited resources, and low citizen compliance. However, the GARID project signals emerging adaptive and institutional learning. The study demonstrates that double-loop learning offers a pathway for proactive, integrated, and sustainable flood governance in rapidly urbanizing African cities.