Lived experiences of Ghanaian community psychiatric nurses resilience strategies in combating stigma: an interpretive phenomenology

Background: Community Psychiatric Nurses (CPNs) deliver healthcare services to people with mental illness, offering in-home, personalized care. However, stigma surrounding mental illness in both rural and urban communities complicates service delivery. Stigma refers to a social construct involving the devaluation and discrimination against individuals based on perceived undesirable characteristics or attributes. This study aimed to explore how community psychiatric nurses employ resilience strategies to combat stigma. Methods: This study used an interpretive phenomenological framework to examine community psychiatric nurses’ experiences with stigma. Participants were purposefully sampled, and interviews were audio-taped and manually transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted, achieving data saturation by the 12th participant, ensuring comprehensive coverage of recurring themes and patterns without new information emerging. Results: The CPNs employ a variety of resilience strategies to manage the stigma they encounter in their professional lives. Many CPNs choose to avoid situations or individuals that perpetuate stigma. This passive approach allows them to shield themselves from negative interactions and comments, creating a buffer against the emotional toll of stigma. In contrast to avoidance, some nurses adopt a proactive stance by directly addressing and challenging stigma when they encounter it. This approach not only empowers them but also serves to educate others about the realities of their profession. The CPNs often find solace and strength in discussions with their peers. These supportive conversations provide a safe space for sharing experiences. The CPN actively engage in public education efforts to raise awareness and reduce stigma within their communities. Conclusion: The findings indicate a complex interplay between resilience strategies and the professional experiences of CPNs, suggesting that targeted interventions could enhance their resilience and effectiveness in combating stigma.