TY - JOUR
T1 - In vitro antiprotozoan activity and mechanisms of action of selected Ghanaian medicinal plants against Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium parasites
AU - Ohashi, Mitsuko
AU - Amoa-Bosompem, Michael
AU - Kwofie, Kofi Dadzie
AU - Agyapong, Jefferey
AU - Adegle, Richard
AU - Sakyiamah, Maxwell Mamfe
AU - Ayertey, Frederick
AU - Owusu, Kofi Baffuor Awuah
AU - Tuffour, Isaac
AU - Atchoglo, Philip
AU - Tung, Nguyen Huu
AU - Uto, Takuhiro
AU - Aboagye, Frederick
AU - Appiah, Alfred Ampomah
AU - Appiah-Opong, Regina
AU - Nyarko, Alexander K.
AU - Anyan, William Kofi
AU - Ayi, Irene
AU - Boakye, Daniel Adjei
AU - Koram, Kwadwo Ansah
AU - Edoh, Dominic
AU - Yamaoka, Shoji
AU - Shoyama, Yukihiro
AU - Ohta, Nobuo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PY - 2018/8
Y1 - 2018/8
N2 - Trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and malaria are protozoan infections of public health importance with thousands of new cases recorded annually. Control of these infection(s) with existing chemotherapy is limited by drug toxicity, lengthy parenteral treatment, affordability, and/or the emergence of resistant strains. Medicinal plants on the other hand are used in the treatment of various infectious diseases although their chemical properties are not fully evaluated. In this study, we screened 112 crude extracts from 72 selected Ghanaian medicinal plants for anti-Trypanosoma, anti-Leishmania, and anti-Plasmodium activities in vitro and investigated their mechanisms of action. Twenty-three extracts from 20 plants showed significant antiprotozoan activity against at least 1 of 3 protozoan parasites screened with IC50 values less than 20 μg/ml. Eleven extracts showed high anti-Trypanosoma activity with Bidens pilosa whole plant and Morinda lucida leaf extracts recording the highest activities. Their IC50 (selectivity index [SI]) values were 5.51 μg/ml (35.00) and 5.96 μg/ml (13.09), respectively. Nine extracts had high anti-Leishmania activity with Annona senegalensis and Cassia alata leaf extracts as the most active. Their IC50 (SI) values were 10.8 μg/ml (1.50) and 10.1 μg/ml (0.37), respectively. Six extracts had high anti-Plasmodium activity with the leaf and stem-bark extracts of Terminalia ivorensis recording the highest activity. Their IC50 (SI) values were 7.26 μg/ml (129.36) and 17.45 μg/ml (17.17), respectively. Only M. lucida at 25 μg/ml induced significant apoptosis-like cell death in Trypanosoma parasites. Anti-Leishmania active extracts induced varying morphological changes in Leishmania parasites such as multiple nuclei and/or kinetoplast, incomplete flagella division, or nuclear fragmentation. Active extracts may be potential sources for developing new chemotherapy against these infections.
AB - Trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and malaria are protozoan infections of public health importance with thousands of new cases recorded annually. Control of these infection(s) with existing chemotherapy is limited by drug toxicity, lengthy parenteral treatment, affordability, and/or the emergence of resistant strains. Medicinal plants on the other hand are used in the treatment of various infectious diseases although their chemical properties are not fully evaluated. In this study, we screened 112 crude extracts from 72 selected Ghanaian medicinal plants for anti-Trypanosoma, anti-Leishmania, and anti-Plasmodium activities in vitro and investigated their mechanisms of action. Twenty-three extracts from 20 plants showed significant antiprotozoan activity against at least 1 of 3 protozoan parasites screened with IC50 values less than 20 μg/ml. Eleven extracts showed high anti-Trypanosoma activity with Bidens pilosa whole plant and Morinda lucida leaf extracts recording the highest activities. Their IC50 (selectivity index [SI]) values were 5.51 μg/ml (35.00) and 5.96 μg/ml (13.09), respectively. Nine extracts had high anti-Leishmania activity with Annona senegalensis and Cassia alata leaf extracts as the most active. Their IC50 (SI) values were 10.8 μg/ml (1.50) and 10.1 μg/ml (0.37), respectively. Six extracts had high anti-Plasmodium activity with the leaf and stem-bark extracts of Terminalia ivorensis recording the highest activity. Their IC50 (SI) values were 7.26 μg/ml (129.36) and 17.45 μg/ml (17.17), respectively. Only M. lucida at 25 μg/ml induced significant apoptosis-like cell death in Trypanosoma parasites. Anti-Leishmania active extracts induced varying morphological changes in Leishmania parasites such as multiple nuclei and/or kinetoplast, incomplete flagella division, or nuclear fragmentation. Active extracts may be potential sources for developing new chemotherapy against these infections.
KW - Leishmania donovani
KW - Plasmodium falciparum
KW - Trypanosoma brucei brucei
KW - apoptosis
KW - in vitro screening
KW - medicinal plants
KW - morphology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85046454870&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/ptr.6093
DO - 10.1002/ptr.6093
M3 - Article
C2 - 29733118
AN - SCOPUS:85046454870
SN - 0951-418X
VL - 32
SP - 1617
EP - 1630
JO - Phytotherapy Research
JF - Phytotherapy Research
IS - 8
ER -