TY - JOUR
T1 - Household concentrations and female and child exposures to air pollution in peri-urban sub-Saharan Africa
T2 - measurements from the CLEAN-Air(Africa) study
AU - Shupler, Matthew
AU - Tawiah, Theresa
AU - Nix, Emily
AU - Baame, Miranda
AU - Lorenzetti, Federico
AU - Betang, Emmanuel
AU - Chartier, Ryan
AU - Mangeni, Judith
AU - Upadhya, Adithi
AU - Anderson de Cuevas, Rachel
AU - Sang, Edna
AU - Piedrahita, Ricardo
AU - Johnson, Michael
AU - Wilson, Daniel
AU - Amenga-Etego, Seeba
AU - Twumasi, Mieks
AU - Ronzi, Sara
AU - Menya, Diana
AU - Puzzolo, Elisa
AU - Quansah, Reginald
AU - Asante, Kwaku Poku
AU - Pope, Daniel
AU - Mbatchou Ngahane, Bertrand Hugo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
PY - 2024/2
Y1 - 2024/2
N2 - Background: Relatively clean cooking fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) emit less fine particulate matter (PM2·5) and carbon monoxide (CO) than polluting fuels (eg, wood, charcoal). Yet, some clean cooking interventions have not achieved substantial exposure reductions. This study evaluates determinants of between-community variability in exposures to household air pollution (HAP) across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: In this measurement study, we recruited households cooking primarily with LPG or exclusively with wood or charcoal in peri-urban Cameroon, Ghana, and Kenya from previously surveyed households. In 2019–20, we conducted monitoring of 24 h PM2·5 and CO kitchen concentrations (n=256) and female cook (n=248) and child (n=124) exposures. PM2·5 measurements used gravimetric and light scattering methods. Stove use monitoring and surveys on cooking characteristics and ambient air pollution exposure (eg, walking time to main road) were also administered. Findings: The mean PM2·5 kitchen concentration was five times higher among households cooking with charcoal than those using LPG in the Kenyan community (297 μg/m3, 95% CI 216–406, vs 61 μg/m3, 49–76), but only 4 μg/m3 higher in the Ghanaian community (56 μg/m3, 45–70, vs 52 μg/m3, 40–68). The mean CO kitchen concentration in charcoal-using households was double the WHO guideline (6·11 parts per million [ppm]) in the Kenyan community (15·81 ppm, 95% CI 8·71–28·72), but below the guideline in the Ghanaian setting (1·77 ppm, 1·04–2·99). In all communities, mean PM2·5 cook exposures only met the WHO interim-1 target (35 μg/m3) among LPG users staying indoors and living more than 10 min walk from a road. Interpretation: Community-level variation in the relative difference in HAP exposures between LPG and polluting cooking fuel users in peri-urban sub-Saharan Africa might be attributed to differences in ambient air pollution levels. Thus, mitigation of indoor and outdoor PM2·5 sources will probably be critical for obtaining significant exposure reductions in rapidly urbanising settings of sub-Saharan Africa. Funding: UK National Institute for Health and Care Research.
AB - Background: Relatively clean cooking fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) emit less fine particulate matter (PM2·5) and carbon monoxide (CO) than polluting fuels (eg, wood, charcoal). Yet, some clean cooking interventions have not achieved substantial exposure reductions. This study evaluates determinants of between-community variability in exposures to household air pollution (HAP) across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: In this measurement study, we recruited households cooking primarily with LPG or exclusively with wood or charcoal in peri-urban Cameroon, Ghana, and Kenya from previously surveyed households. In 2019–20, we conducted monitoring of 24 h PM2·5 and CO kitchen concentrations (n=256) and female cook (n=248) and child (n=124) exposures. PM2·5 measurements used gravimetric and light scattering methods. Stove use monitoring and surveys on cooking characteristics and ambient air pollution exposure (eg, walking time to main road) were also administered. Findings: The mean PM2·5 kitchen concentration was five times higher among households cooking with charcoal than those using LPG in the Kenyan community (297 μg/m3, 95% CI 216–406, vs 61 μg/m3, 49–76), but only 4 μg/m3 higher in the Ghanaian community (56 μg/m3, 45–70, vs 52 μg/m3, 40–68). The mean CO kitchen concentration in charcoal-using households was double the WHO guideline (6·11 parts per million [ppm]) in the Kenyan community (15·81 ppm, 95% CI 8·71–28·72), but below the guideline in the Ghanaian setting (1·77 ppm, 1·04–2·99). In all communities, mean PM2·5 cook exposures only met the WHO interim-1 target (35 μg/m3) among LPG users staying indoors and living more than 10 min walk from a road. Interpretation: Community-level variation in the relative difference in HAP exposures between LPG and polluting cooking fuel users in peri-urban sub-Saharan Africa might be attributed to differences in ambient air pollution levels. Thus, mitigation of indoor and outdoor PM2·5 sources will probably be critical for obtaining significant exposure reductions in rapidly urbanising settings of sub-Saharan Africa. Funding: UK National Institute for Health and Care Research.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85184488872&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00272-3
DO - 10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00272-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 38331535
AN - SCOPUS:85184488872
SN - 2542-5196
VL - 8
SP - e95-e107
JO - The Lancet Planetary Health
JF - The Lancet Planetary Health
IS - 2
ER -
