TY - JOUR
T1 - Health risk assessment of dermal exposure to chlorpyrifos among applicators on rice farms in Ghana
AU - Atabila, Albert
AU - Phung, Dung Tri
AU - Hogarh, Jonathan N.
AU - Sadler, Ross
AU - Connell, Des
AU - Chu, Cordia
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2018/7
Y1 - 2018/7
N2 - Generally, there is limited information on pesticide absorbed dose levels and health risk attributable to the dermal route of exposure among applicators. The objective of this study was to evaluate the absorbed dose levels and consequent health risk from dermal exposure to chlorpyrifos among applicators on rice farms in Ghana. The whole-body dosimetry technique was used to capture chlorpyrifos residues penetrating the applicators’ clothing and reaching their skin, as well as residues reaching uncovered body areas of the applicators. Acute (ADDD) and chronic (LADDD) absorbed dose levels of chlorpyrifos were estimated from the residues and plotted as cumulative probability distributions. Health risk from chlorpyrifos exposure was characterized using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) technique. Three of the four acute exposure guideline values used in the study indicated that applicators, represented by the median-exposed (ADDD, 15 μg/kg/day) and the 5% - highly exposed (ADDD, 27 μg/kg/day) groups were at high risk of acute adverse health effects due to chlorpyrifos exposure, with HQ values ranging from 1.5 to 5 and 2.7 to 9, respectively. Regarding chronic adverse health effects, none of the guideline values suggested risk among the median-exposed group (LADDD, 0.3 μg/kg/day), with HQ values ranging from 0.03 to 1. However, two of the chronic exposure guideline values suggested that the 5%- highly exposed group (LADDD, 0.6 μg/kg/day) may be adversely affected, with HQ values ranging from 1.2 to 2. These findings highlight the importance of the dermal route as a major pesticide exposure pathway and suggest possible exposure minimization strategies.
AB - Generally, there is limited information on pesticide absorbed dose levels and health risk attributable to the dermal route of exposure among applicators. The objective of this study was to evaluate the absorbed dose levels and consequent health risk from dermal exposure to chlorpyrifos among applicators on rice farms in Ghana. The whole-body dosimetry technique was used to capture chlorpyrifos residues penetrating the applicators’ clothing and reaching their skin, as well as residues reaching uncovered body areas of the applicators. Acute (ADDD) and chronic (LADDD) absorbed dose levels of chlorpyrifos were estimated from the residues and plotted as cumulative probability distributions. Health risk from chlorpyrifos exposure was characterized using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) technique. Three of the four acute exposure guideline values used in the study indicated that applicators, represented by the median-exposed (ADDD, 15 μg/kg/day) and the 5% - highly exposed (ADDD, 27 μg/kg/day) groups were at high risk of acute adverse health effects due to chlorpyrifos exposure, with HQ values ranging from 1.5 to 5 and 2.7 to 9, respectively. Regarding chronic adverse health effects, none of the guideline values suggested risk among the median-exposed group (LADDD, 0.3 μg/kg/day), with HQ values ranging from 0.03 to 1. However, two of the chronic exposure guideline values suggested that the 5%- highly exposed group (LADDD, 0.6 μg/kg/day) may be adversely affected, with HQ values ranging from 1.2 to 2. These findings highlight the importance of the dermal route as a major pesticide exposure pathway and suggest possible exposure minimization strategies.
KW - Chlorpyrifos
KW - Dermal exposure
KW - Pesticide applicators
KW - Risk assessment
KW - Whole-body dosimetry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85047388656&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.121
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.121
M3 - Article
C2 - 29609105
AN - SCOPUS:85047388656
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 203
SP - 83
EP - 89
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
ER -