TY - JOUR
T1 - Extended spectrum beta-lactamase escherichia coli in river waters collected from two cities in Ghana, 2018–2020
AU - Banu, Regina Ama
AU - Alvarez, Jorge Matheu
AU - Reid, Anthony J.
AU - Enbiale, Wendemagegn
AU - Labi, Appiah Korang
AU - Ansa, Ebenezer D.O.
AU - Annan, Edith Andrews
AU - Akrong, Mark Osa
AU - Borbor, Selorm
AU - Adomako, Lady A.B.
AU - Ahmed, Hawa
AU - Mustapha, Mohammed Bello
AU - Davtyan, Hayk
AU - Owiti, Phillip
AU - Hedidor, George Kwesi
AU - Quarcoo, Gerard
AU - Opare, David
AU - Kikimoto, Boi
AU - Osei-Atwenebanoa, Mike Y.
AU - Schmitt, Heike
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Infections by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) are on the increase in Ghana, but the level of environmental contamination with this organism, which may contribute to growing Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), is unknown. Using the WHO OneHealth Tricycle Protocol, we investigated the contamination of E. coli (Ec) and ESBL-Ec in two rivers in Ghana (Odaw in Accra and Okurudu in Kasoa) that receive effluents from human and animal wastewater hotspots over a 12-month period. Concentrations of Ec, ESBL-Ec and percent ESBL-Ec/Ec were determined per 100 mL sample. Of 96 samples, 94 (98%) were positive for ESBL-Ec. concentrations per 100 mL (MCs100) of ESBL-Ec and %ESBL-Ec from both rivers were 4.2 × 104 (IQR, 3.1 × 103–2.3 × 105 ) and 2.79 (IQR, 0.96–6.03), respectively. MCs100 were significantly lower in upstream waters: 1.8 × 104 (IQR, 9.0 × 103–3.9 × 104 ) as compared to downstream waters: 1.9 × 106 (IQR, 3.7 × 105–5.4 × 106 ). Both human and animal wastewater effluents contributed to the increased contamination downstream. This study revealed high levels of ESBL-Ec in rivers flowing through two cities in Ghana. There is a need to manage the sources of contamination as they may contribute to the acquisition and spread of ESBL-Ec in humans and animals, thereby contributing to AMR.
AB - Infections by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) are on the increase in Ghana, but the level of environmental contamination with this organism, which may contribute to growing Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), is unknown. Using the WHO OneHealth Tricycle Protocol, we investigated the contamination of E. coli (Ec) and ESBL-Ec in two rivers in Ghana (Odaw in Accra and Okurudu in Kasoa) that receive effluents from human and animal wastewater hotspots over a 12-month period. Concentrations of Ec, ESBL-Ec and percent ESBL-Ec/Ec were determined per 100 mL sample. Of 96 samples, 94 (98%) were positive for ESBL-Ec. concentrations per 100 mL (MCs100) of ESBL-Ec and %ESBL-Ec from both rivers were 4.2 × 104 (IQR, 3.1 × 103–2.3 × 105 ) and 2.79 (IQR, 0.96–6.03), respectively. MCs100 were significantly lower in upstream waters: 1.8 × 104 (IQR, 9.0 × 103–3.9 × 104 ) as compared to downstream waters: 1.9 × 106 (IQR, 3.7 × 105–5.4 × 106 ). Both human and animal wastewater effluents contributed to the increased contamination downstream. This study revealed high levels of ESBL-Ec in rivers flowing through two cities in Ghana. There is a need to manage the sources of contamination as they may contribute to the acquisition and spread of ESBL-Ec in humans and animals, thereby contributing to AMR.
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - ESBL-E. coli
KW - Environment
KW - Ghana
KW - Operational research
KW - Rivers
KW - Sort it
KW - Tricycle protocol
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109323205&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/TROPICALMED6020105
DO - 10.3390/TROPICALMED6020105
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85109323205
SN - 2414-6366
VL - 6
JO - Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
JF - Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
IS - 2
M1 - 105
ER -
