Exposure to family planning messages and contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional program impact evaluation study

Many women of reproductive age in sub Saharan Africa are not utilizing any contraceptive method which is contributing to the high burden of maternal mortality. This study determined the prevalence, trends, and the impact of exposure to family planning messages (FPM) on contraceptive use (CU) among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We utilized the most recent data from demographic and health surveys across 26 SSA countries between 2013 and 2019. We assessed the prevalence and trends and quantified the impact of exposure to FPM on contraceptive use using augmented inverse probability weighting with regression adjustment. Sensitivity analysis of the impact estimate was conducted using endogenous treatment effect models, inverse probability weighting, and propensity score with nearest-neighbor matching techniques. The study involved 328,386 women of reproductive age. The overall prevalence of CU and the percentage of women of reproductive age in SSA exposed to FPM were 31.1% (95% CI 30.6–31.5) and 38.9% (95% CI 38.8–39.4) respectively. Exposure to FPM increased CU by 7.1 percentage points (pp) (95% CI 6.7, 7.4; p < 0.001) among women of reproductive age in SSA. The impact of FPM on CU was highest in Central Africa (6.7 pp; 95% CI 5.7–7.7; p < 0.001) and lowest in Southern Africa (2.2 pp; 95% CI [1.3–3.0; p < 0.001). There was a marginal decline in the impact estimate among adolescents (estimate = 6.0 pp; 95% CI 5.0, 8.0; p < 0.001). Exposure to FPM has contributed to an increase in CU among women of reproductive age. Programs that are geared towards intensifying exposure to FPM through traditional media in addition to exploring avenues for promoting the appropriate use of family planning method using electronic media remain critical.