Explanatory models of diabetes in urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana

Ama De-Graft Aikins, Raphael Baffour Awuah, Tuula Anneli Pera, Montserrat Mendez, Gbenga Ogedegbe

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

34 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objectives. The objective of the study was to examine explanatory models of diabetes and diabetes complications among urban poor Ghanaians living with diabetes and implications for developing secondary prevention strategies.Design. Twenty adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited from three poor communities in Accra. Qualitative data were obtained using interviews that run between 40 and 90 minutes. The interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed thematically, informed by the explanatory model of disease concept.Results. Respondents associated diabetes and its complications with diet, family history, lifestyle factors (smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and physical inactivity), psychological stress and supernatural factors (witchcraft and sorcery). These associations were informed by biomedical and cultural models of diabetes and disease. Subjective experience, through a process of body-listening, constituted a third model on which respondents drew to theorise diabetes complications. Poverty was an important mediator of poor self-care practices, including treatment non-adherence.Conclusions. The biomedical model of diabetes was a major source of legitimate information for self-care practices. However, this was understood and applied through a complex framework of cultural theories of chronic disease, the biopsychological impact of everyday illness experience and the disempowering effects of poverty. An integrated biopsychosocial approach is proposed for diabetes intervention in this research community.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)391-408
Number of pages18
JournalEthnicity and Health
Volume20
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 4 Jul 2015

Keywords

  • Ghana
  • body-self
  • culture
  • diabetes
  • explanatory models
  • urban poor

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