Examining transformational and transactional leadership styles and safety citizenship behaviors in the power distribution sector: evidence from Ghana

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the influence of transformational and transactional leadership styles and their related dimensions on safety citizenship behaviors (SCBs) in the power distribution sector (PDS) in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach: As a cross-sectional survey approach, questionnaires were used to collect data from managers of power distribution centers. Valid questionnaires were retrieved from 197 managers across four power distribution centers. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson correlation analysis and standard multiple regression analysis. Findings: The results revealed that both transformational and transactional leaders have a positive influence on SCBs. The results also showed that some of the dimensions of transformational and transactional leadership styles cannot strongly predict SCBs in the PDS. Research limitations/implications: The study was limited by the use of cross-sectional data which did not allow the study to examine any changes in some of the constructs examined with time. The results are occupation-, industry- and country-specific. Practical implications: Several management implications are discussed, such as managers recognizing that both leadership behaviors can be the basis for SCBs and for mitigating the socioeconomic consequences of unsafe employee behaviors. Originality/value: The paper’s principal theoretical contribution is the application of social exchange theory toward an understanding of SCBs in a high-risk sector. Energy sector reforms in developing countries are inconceivable without safety consideration.