TY - JOUR
T1 - Energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs)
T2 - A review
AU - Adu-Manu, Kofi Sarpong
AU - Adam, Nadir
AU - Tapparello, Cristiano
AU - Ayatollahi, Hoda
AU - Heinzelman, Wendi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 ACM.
PY - 2018/3
Y1 - 2018/3
N2 - Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are crucial in supporting continuous environmental monitoring, where sensor nodes are deployed and must remain operational to collect and transfer data from the environment to a base-station. However, sensor nodes have limited energy in their primary power storage unit, and this energy may be quickly drained if the sensor node remains operational over long periods of time. Therefore, the idea of harvesting ambient energy from the immediate surroundings of the deployed sensors, to recharge the batteries and to directly power the sensor nodes, has recently been proposed. The deployment of energy harvesting in environmental field systems eliminates the dependency of sensor nodes on battery power, drastically reducing the maintenance costs required to replace batteries. In this article, we review the state-of-the-art in energy-harvesting WSNs for environmental monitoring applications, including Animal Tracking, Air Quality Monitoring, Water Quality Monitoring, and Disaster Monitoring to improve the ecosystem and human life. In addition to presenting the technologies for harvesting energy from ambient sources and the protocols that can take advantage of the harvested energy, we present challenges that must be addressed to further advance energy-harvesting-based WSNs, along with some future work directions to address these challenges.
AB - Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are crucial in supporting continuous environmental monitoring, where sensor nodes are deployed and must remain operational to collect and transfer data from the environment to a base-station. However, sensor nodes have limited energy in their primary power storage unit, and this energy may be quickly drained if the sensor node remains operational over long periods of time. Therefore, the idea of harvesting ambient energy from the immediate surroundings of the deployed sensors, to recharge the batteries and to directly power the sensor nodes, has recently been proposed. The deployment of energy harvesting in environmental field systems eliminates the dependency of sensor nodes on battery power, drastically reducing the maintenance costs required to replace batteries. In this article, we review the state-of-the-art in energy-harvesting WSNs for environmental monitoring applications, including Animal Tracking, Air Quality Monitoring, Water Quality Monitoring, and Disaster Monitoring to improve the ecosystem and human life. In addition to presenting the technologies for harvesting energy from ambient sources and the protocols that can take advantage of the harvested energy, we present challenges that must be addressed to further advance energy-harvesting-based WSNs, along with some future work directions to address these challenges.
KW - Energy harvesting
KW - Energy scavenging
KW - Self-powered devices
KW - Wireless sensor networks
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85052696239&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1145/3183338
DO - 10.1145/3183338
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85052696239
SN - 1550-4859
VL - 14
JO - ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks
JF - ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks
IS - 2
M1 - 10
ER -