Determinants of right ventricular systolic dysfunction among patients with left heart failure in a Ghanaian hospital

Background: The presence of right ventricular dysfunction affects outcomes in patients with left heart failure. We assessed the determinants of right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVSD) among patients with left heart failure presenting to the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital of Ghana. Methods: Consecutive patients with left heart failure who were 18 years and above were prospectively enrolled and assessed for evidence of RVSD by measuring the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, the peak velocity of the tricuspid annulus in systole (RV S′), the two-dimensional right ventricular fractional area change (RV FAC) and the right ventricular myocardial performance index (RV MPI). Results: Two hundred and seventy participants were enrolled, of whom 75.2% had at least one abnormal index of right ventricular systolic function. The prevalence of RVSD was significantly higher among those with non-hypertensive heart failure (85.3 vs 66.0%, p < 0.001). The left ventricular outflow tract velocity–time integral (LVOT VTI) was strongly correlated with the RV FAC and an LVOT VTI < 9.8 cm predicted the presence of an RV FAC < 35% with a sensitivity of 81.5% and specificity of 81.9% [area under the curve 0.882; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.838–0.926, p < 0.001]. Independent predictors of the presence of RVSD included a transmitral E/A > 2 [odds ratio (OR) = 4.684, 95% CI: 1.521–14.428, p = 0.007), left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% (OR = 4.205, 95% CI: 1.643–10.760, p = 0.003), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) ≥ 35 mmHg (OR = 2.434, 95% CI: 1.012–5.852, p = 0.047) and systemic systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mmHg (OR = 2.631, 95% CI: 1.152–6.011, p = 0.022). Conclusion: RVSD was common in these Ghanaian patients with left heart failure. Left ventricular function, SBP and PASP were independent predictors of the presence of RVSD. Pending further validation, the LVOT VTI may serve as a useful surrogate or screening tool for RVSD in these patients.