TY - JOUR
T1 - Characteristics of emerging new autoimmune diseases after COVID-19 vaccination
T2 - A sub-study by the COVAD group
AU - Shumnalieva, Russka
AU - Ravichandran, Naveen
AU - Hannah, Jennifer
AU - Javaid, Mahnoor
AU - Darooka, Naitica
AU - Roy, Debaditya
AU - Gonzalez, Daniel E.
AU - Velikova, Tsvetelina
AU - Milchert, Marcin
AU - Kuwana, Masataka
AU - Joshi, Mrudula
AU - Gracia-Ramos, Abraham Edgar
AU - Boyd, Peter
AU - Yaadav, Praggya
AU - Cheng, Karen
AU - Kobert, Linda
AU - Cavagna, Lorenzo
AU - Sen, Parikshit
AU - Day, Jessica
AU - Makol, Ashima
AU - Gutiérrez, Carlos Enrique Toro
AU - Caballero-Uribe, Carlo V.
AU - Saha, Sreoshy
AU - Parodis, Ioannis
AU - Dey, Dzifa
AU - Nikiphorou, Elena
AU - Distler, Oliver
AU - Kadam, Esha
AU - Tan, Ai Lyn
AU - Shinjo, Samuel Katsuyuki
AU - Ziade, Nelly
AU - Knitza, Johannes
AU - Chinoy, Hector
AU - Aggarwal, Rohit
AU - Agarwal, Vikas
AU - Gupta, Latika
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases published by Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
PY - 2024/5
Y1 - 2024/5
N2 - Background: Despite the overall safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations, rare cases of systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) have been reported post-vaccination. This study used a global survey to analyze SAIDs in susceptible individuals' post-vaccination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among participants with self-reported new-onset SAIDs using the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) 2 study dataset—a validated, patient-reported e-survey—to analyze the long-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Baseline characteristics of patients with new-onset SAIDs and vaccinated healthy controls (HCs) were compared after propensity score matching based on age and sex in a 1:4 ratio. Results: Of 16 750 individuals, 74 (median age 52 years, 79.9% females, and 76.7% Caucasians) had new-onset SAID post-vaccination, mainly idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) (n = 23, 31.51%), arthritis (n = 15; 20.53%), and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) (n = 12, 16.40%). Higher odds of new-onset SAIDs were noted among Caucasians (OR = 5.3; 95% CI = 2.9–9.7; p <.001) and Moderna vaccine recipients (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3–5.3; p =.004). New-onset SAIDs were associated with AID multimorbidity (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1–1.7; p <.001), mental health disorders (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.3–1.9; p <.001), and mixed race (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.2–4.2; p =.010), where those aged >60 years (OR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4–0.8; p =.007) and from high/medium human development index (HDI) countries (compared to very high HDI) reported fewer events than HCs. Conclusion: This study reports a low occurrence of new-onset SAIDs following COVID-19 vaccination, primarily IIMs, PMR, and inflammatory arthritis. Identified risk factors included pre-existing AID multimorbidity, mental health diseases, and mixed race. Revaccination was well tolerated by most patients; therefore, we recommend continuing COVID-19 vaccination in the general population. However, long-term studies are needed to understand the autoimmune phenomena arising post-vaccination.
AB - Background: Despite the overall safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations, rare cases of systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) have been reported post-vaccination. This study used a global survey to analyze SAIDs in susceptible individuals' post-vaccination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among participants with self-reported new-onset SAIDs using the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) 2 study dataset—a validated, patient-reported e-survey—to analyze the long-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Baseline characteristics of patients with new-onset SAIDs and vaccinated healthy controls (HCs) were compared after propensity score matching based on age and sex in a 1:4 ratio. Results: Of 16 750 individuals, 74 (median age 52 years, 79.9% females, and 76.7% Caucasians) had new-onset SAID post-vaccination, mainly idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) (n = 23, 31.51%), arthritis (n = 15; 20.53%), and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) (n = 12, 16.40%). Higher odds of new-onset SAIDs were noted among Caucasians (OR = 5.3; 95% CI = 2.9–9.7; p <.001) and Moderna vaccine recipients (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3–5.3; p =.004). New-onset SAIDs were associated with AID multimorbidity (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1–1.7; p <.001), mental health disorders (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.3–1.9; p <.001), and mixed race (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.2–4.2; p =.010), where those aged >60 years (OR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4–0.8; p =.007) and from high/medium human development index (HDI) countries (compared to very high HDI) reported fewer events than HCs. Conclusion: This study reports a low occurrence of new-onset SAIDs following COVID-19 vaccination, primarily IIMs, PMR, and inflammatory arthritis. Identified risk factors included pre-existing AID multimorbidity, mental health diseases, and mixed race. Revaccination was well tolerated by most patients; therefore, we recommend continuing COVID-19 vaccination in the general population. However, long-term studies are needed to understand the autoimmune phenomena arising post-vaccination.
KW - COVID-19
KW - SAIDs
KW - autoimmune diseases
KW - idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
KW - vaccination
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85193061304
U2 - 10.1111/1756-185X.15178
DO - 10.1111/1756-185X.15178
M3 - Article
C2 - 38742751
AN - SCOPUS:85193061304
SN - 1756-1841
VL - 27
JO - International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases
JF - International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases
IS - 5
M1 - e15178
ER -
SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being