Building the world’s first truly global medical foundation model

The Global RETFound Consortium

doi:10.1038/s41591-025-03859-5

Building the world’s first truly global medical foundation model

The Global RETFound Consortium

Department of Surgery

National University of Singapore
Singapore Eye Research Institute
Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School
Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
University College London
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv Medical Center
Fudan University
Centre for Eye Research Australia
University of Melbourne
Kunming Medical College
University of Liverpool
Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
Shantou University
Guangdong Provincial Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center for Ocular Diseases
Sichuan University
University of Lausanne
Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)
University of California at San Diego
The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
University of Edinburgh
Zhejiang University School of Medicine
Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases
Yokohama City University
Capital Medical University
Eye Center of Huizhou Central People’s Hospital
Chang Gung University
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Tsinghua University
University of Otago
Swansea Bay University Health Board
Gadjah Mada University
Beihang University
Stanford University School of Medicine
Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science
IRCCS Multimedica - Milano
Bogomolets National Medical University
Deutsche Augenklinik
Asociacion para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico IAP
KU Leuven

Research output: Contribution to journal › Letter › peer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3580-3585
Number of pages	6
Journal	Nature Medicine
Volume	31
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03859-5
Publication status	Published - Nov 2025

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10.1038/s41591-025-03859-5

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@article{9999605cede24f62a86a6972432a2093,

title = "Building the world{\textquoteright}s first truly global medical foundation model",

author = "\{The Global RETFound Consortium\} and Tham, \{Yih Chung\} and Goh, \{Jocelyn Hui Lin\} and Paul Nderitu and Yukun Zhou and Ran, \{An Ran\} and Sahana Srinivasan and Yang, \{Gabriel Dawei\} and Kitema, \{Gatera Fiston\} and Polly Rawlinson and Hongyang Jiang and Ke Zou and Cheung, \{Carol Y.\} and Keane, \{Pearse A.\} and Dinah Zur and Xiangjia Zhu and Zhuoting Zhu and Hua Zhong and Yalin Zheng and Xiayin Zhang and Mingzhi Zhang and Meixia Zhang and Javier Zarranz-Ventura and Linda Zangwill and Ling Yuan and Honghua Yu and Fabian Yii and Yew, \{Samantha Min Er\} and Juan Ye and Yasuo Yanagi and Yam, \{Jason C.\} and Peifang Xu and Jie Xu and Guihua Xu and Bowen Xu and Zhichao Wu and Wu, \{Wei Chi\} and Wong, \{Tien Yin\} and Graham Wilson and Williams, \{Gwyn S.\} and Felicia Widyaputri and Wang, \{Ya Xing\} and Xiaofei Wang and Wang, \{Sophia Y.\} and Ningli Wang and Wagner, \{Siegfried K.\} and Stela Vujosevic and Oksana Vitovska and Raul Velez-Montoya and \{Van Eijgen\}, Jan and Amissah-Arthur, \{Kwesi N.\}",

year = "2025",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1038/s41591-025-03859-5",

language = "English",

volume = "31",

pages = "3580--3585",

journal = "Nature Medicine",

issn = "1078-8956",

publisher = "Nature Research",

number = "11",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Building the world’s first truly global medical foundation model

AU - The Global RETFound Consortium

AU - Tham, Yih Chung

AU - Goh, Jocelyn Hui Lin

AU - Nderitu, Paul

AU - Zhou, Yukun

AU - Ran, An Ran

AU - Srinivasan, Sahana

AU - Yang, Gabriel Dawei

AU - Kitema, Gatera Fiston

AU - Rawlinson, Polly

AU - Jiang, Hongyang

AU - Zou, Ke

AU - Cheung, Carol Y.

AU - Keane, Pearse A.

AU - Zur, Dinah

AU - Zhu, Xiangjia

AU - Zhu, Zhuoting

AU - Zhong, Hua

AU - Zheng, Yalin

AU - Zhang, Xiayin

AU - Zhang, Mingzhi

AU - Zhang, Meixia

AU - Zarranz-Ventura, Javier

AU - Zangwill, Linda

AU - Yuan, Ling

AU - Yu, Honghua

AU - Yii, Fabian

AU - Yew, Samantha Min Er

AU - Ye, Juan

AU - Yanagi, Yasuo

AU - Yam, Jason C.

AU - Xu, Peifang

AU - Xu, Jie

AU - Xu, Guihua

AU - Xu, Bowen

AU - Wu, Zhichao

AU - Wu, Wei Chi

AU - Wong, Tien Yin

AU - Wilson, Graham

AU - Williams, Gwyn S.

AU - Widyaputri, Felicia

AU - Wang, Ya Xing

AU - Wang, Xiaofei

AU - Wang, Sophia Y.

AU - Wang, Ningli

AU - Wagner, Siegfried K.

AU - Vujosevic, Stela

AU - Vitovska, Oksana

AU - Velez-Montoya, Raul

AU - Van Eijgen, Jan

AU - Amissah-Arthur, Kwesi N.

PY - 2025/11

Y1 - 2025/11

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105016800976

U2 - 10.1038/s41591-025-03859-5

DO - 10.1038/s41591-025-03859-5

M3 - Letter

C2 - 40921805

AN - SCOPUS:105016800976

SN - 1078-8956

VL - 31

SP - 3580

EP - 3585

JO - Nature Medicine

JF - Nature Medicine

IS - 11

ER -

Building the world’s first truly global medical foundation model

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