Bamboo as a sustainable alternative construction material: A review

Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants in the world, naturally abundant, and recognized as a highly sustainable and renewable material resource. Although the existing literature highlights its potential in the construction industry, bamboo's use remains largely confined to temporary applications such as scaffolding, props and ladders, as well as decorative elements. The recent rise in the cost of conventional building materials has intensified the need to explore alternative, sustainable and cost-effective options. We present a synthesis of current research, practical applications and future prospects of bamboo as a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional construction materials, given the rising global demand for eco-friendly building practices and the need to reduce the environmental footprint of the construction sector. We evaluate bamboo’s mechanical properties, environmental benefits and its role in achieving sustainability goals. We find strong evidence supporting bamboo not only as a substitute for traditional wooden elements but also, when appropriately treated, as a potential alternative to mild steel reinforcement in concrete. Based on these insights, we provide specific recommendations to promote the use of bamboo in sustainable, resilient and environmentally friendly construction practices.