TY - JOUR
T1 - Asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in HIV patients in Ghana
T2 - A case-control study
AU - Yeboah, Kwame
AU - Musah, Latif
AU - Essel, Samuel
AU - Agyekum, Jennifer Adjepong
AU - Bedu-Addo, Kweku
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023
PY - 2023/12
Y1 - 2023/12
N2 - Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common in HIV patients and can be diagnosed noninvasively using the ankle-brachial index (ABI). The burden of PAD has not been investigated in Ghanaian HIV patients. We investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with PAD in HIV patients at a periurban hospital in Ghana. Methods: In a case-control design, ABI was measured in 158 cART-treated HIV patients, 150 cART-naïve HIV patients and 156 non-HIV controls with no clinical symptoms of CVDs. PAD was defined as ABI ≤ 0.9. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to measure plasma levels of glucose, lipid profile, and CD4+ lymphocytes. Results: The prevalence of PAD was 13.9% among cART-treated HIV patients, 21.3% among cART-naïve HIV patients, and 15.4% among non-HIV controls. Patients with PAD had increased odds of having low CD4+ cell counts [OR (95% CI) = 3.68 (1.41–12.85)]. In cART-treated HIV patients, those on TDF-based [5.76 (1.1–30.01), p = 0.038] and EFV-based [9.28 (1.51–57.12), p = 0.016] regimens had increased odds of having PAD. Conclusion: In our study population, there was no difference in the prevalence of PAD between cART-treated HIV patients compared to cART-naïve HIV patients or non-HIV controls. Having a low CD4 cell count and being on TDF- or EFV-based regimens were associated with an increased likelihood of having PAD.
AB - Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common in HIV patients and can be diagnosed noninvasively using the ankle-brachial index (ABI). The burden of PAD has not been investigated in Ghanaian HIV patients. We investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with PAD in HIV patients at a periurban hospital in Ghana. Methods: In a case-control design, ABI was measured in 158 cART-treated HIV patients, 150 cART-naïve HIV patients and 156 non-HIV controls with no clinical symptoms of CVDs. PAD was defined as ABI ≤ 0.9. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to measure plasma levels of glucose, lipid profile, and CD4+ lymphocytes. Results: The prevalence of PAD was 13.9% among cART-treated HIV patients, 21.3% among cART-naïve HIV patients, and 15.4% among non-HIV controls. Patients with PAD had increased odds of having low CD4+ cell counts [OR (95% CI) = 3.68 (1.41–12.85)]. In cART-treated HIV patients, those on TDF-based [5.76 (1.1–30.01), p = 0.038] and EFV-based [9.28 (1.51–57.12), p = 0.016] regimens had increased odds of having PAD. Conclusion: In our study population, there was no difference in the prevalence of PAD between cART-treated HIV patients compared to cART-naïve HIV patients or non-HIV controls. Having a low CD4 cell count and being on TDF- or EFV-based regimens were associated with an increased likelihood of having PAD.
KW - Ankle-brachial index
KW - Cardiometabolic risk factors
KW - HIV
KW - Peripheral arterial disease
KW - cART
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85165424029&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jvn.2023.07.001
DO - 10.1016/j.jvn.2023.07.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 38072573
AN - SCOPUS:85165424029
SN - 1062-0303
VL - 41
SP - 203
EP - 208
JO - Journal of Vascular Nursing
JF - Journal of Vascular Nursing
IS - 4
ER -