Associations Between ADHD Symptoms and Maternal and Birth Outcomes: An Exploratory Analysis in a Multi-Country Cohort of Expectant Mothers

Objective: ADHD symptoms can adversely impact functioning in a range of domains relevant for maternal well-being and fetal development; however, there has been almost no research examining their impact during pregnancy. We aimed to address this gap. Method: We used data (n = 1,204) from a longitudinal birth cohort study spanning eight countries to address this gap. Results: ADHD symptoms in the third trimester of pregnancy were associated with lower social support from family (b = −0.16, p =.031), friends (b = −0.16, p =.024), and significant others (b = −0.09, p =.001); higher stress (b = 0.34, p <.001) and depressive symptoms (b = 0.31, p <.001), and increased likelihood of an unwanted pregnancy (b = 0.30, p =.009). Significant associations with tobacco use (b = 0.36, p =.023) and premature birth (b = 0.35, p =.007) did not survive correction for multiple comparisons and there were no significant associations with alcohol use, low birth weight, or unplanned pregnancy. Conclusion: Results suggest that women with ADHD symptoms could benefit from earlier, more regular screening for mental health difficulties and greater mental health support during pregnancy.