TY - JOUR
T1 - Association between antiretroviral treatment and markers of systemic inflammation among HIV patients in Ghana
AU - Haile, Zelalem T.
AU - Sarfo, Bismark
AU - Bonney, Evelyn Y.
AU - Mensah, Eric A.
AU - Deletsu, Selase
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Bentham Science Publishers.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Background: Studies from high-income countries have reported that even after receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), HIV-infected adults may not achieve normal levels of certain inflammatory markers that are known to be associated with the onset and development of non-com-municable diseases. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between ART and markers of systemic inflammation in HIV/AIDS patients at an urban antiretroviral clinic in Ghana. Methods: We examined serum levels of high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inter-leukin-18(IL-18), and tumor necrosis factor-α (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) from 40 HIV infected patients. Kruskal-Wallis Test was used to examine the differences in markers of systemic inflammation according to the types of ART medication taken. We then utilized generalized additive models (GAM) with non-linear function to examine the association between ART and markers of systemic inflammation after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Overall, 30 (75.0%) of the participants received ART and 35 (85%) were female. Kruskal-Wallis Test revealed no significant differences in the markers of systemic inflammation among the three categories of ART (none, AZT, 3TC, EFV/NVP, and TDF, 3TC/FTC, EFV/NVP). In the multivariable-adjusted GAM model, we found a significant but non-linear association between time since diagnosis and CRP levels (p=0.006). Conclusion: Although the relatively small sample size limits the scope of the study's findings, these results suggest that individuals on ART need to be screened periodically for the development of chronic conditions. This line of investigation has the potential to influence treatment and clinical guidelines that will improve the quality of care for HIV-infected patients.
AB - Background: Studies from high-income countries have reported that even after receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), HIV-infected adults may not achieve normal levels of certain inflammatory markers that are known to be associated with the onset and development of non-com-municable diseases. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between ART and markers of systemic inflammation in HIV/AIDS patients at an urban antiretroviral clinic in Ghana. Methods: We examined serum levels of high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inter-leukin-18(IL-18), and tumor necrosis factor-α (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) from 40 HIV infected patients. Kruskal-Wallis Test was used to examine the differences in markers of systemic inflammation according to the types of ART medication taken. We then utilized generalized additive models (GAM) with non-linear function to examine the association between ART and markers of systemic inflammation after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Overall, 30 (75.0%) of the participants received ART and 35 (85%) were female. Kruskal-Wallis Test revealed no significant differences in the markers of systemic inflammation among the three categories of ART (none, AZT, 3TC, EFV/NVP, and TDF, 3TC/FTC, EFV/NVP). In the multivariable-adjusted GAM model, we found a significant but non-linear association between time since diagnosis and CRP levels (p=0.006). Conclusion: Although the relatively small sample size limits the scope of the study's findings, these results suggest that individuals on ART need to be screened periodically for the development of chronic conditions. This line of investigation has the potential to influence treatment and clinical guidelines that will improve the quality of care for HIV-infected patients.
KW - Antiretroviral therapy
KW - CRP
KW - Chronic diseases
KW - GAM
KW - Human immunodeficiency virus
KW - Systemic inflammation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85092361581&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2174/1570162X18666200817111152
DO - 10.2174/1570162X18666200817111152
M3 - Article
C2 - 32807057
AN - SCOPUS:85092361581
SN - 1570-162X
VL - 18
SP - 466
EP - 474
JO - Current HIV Research
JF - Current HIV Research
IS - 6
ER -