Addressing key risk factors hindering tuberculosis control activities in West Africa - progress in meeting the UN sustainable development goals

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge in West Africa, exacerbated by factors such as HIV, malnutrition, non-communicable diseases, drug-resistant TB, and under-resourced health systems. Addressing these challenges is essential to achieving the World Health Organization's End TB Strategy and Universal Health Coverage goals. This paper explores key strategies for tackling TB and its associated risks in the region. Malnutrition, non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, chronic respiratory diseases, and substance abuse amplify TB burdens. Health system strengthening is pivotal for early TB detection and management. Expanding diagnostic capabilities, particularly through the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and Hub-and-Spoke models, alongside workforce development and retention, is crucial. Regional collaborations such as the West African Network of Excellence for Tuberculosis, AIDS, and Malaria (WANETAM) and the Pan-Africa Network for Genomic Surveillance of Poverty-Related Diseases and Emerging Pathogens (PANGenS) demonstrate the importance of collective efforts in research and genomic surveillance. Our article highlights the importance of integrated healthcare approaches, regional partnerships, and community engagement in reducing TB prevalence and improving outcomes. These strategies will not only combat TB but also address its social determinants, advancing health equity in West Africa. By adopting these measures, the region can make significant strides toward UN TB SDG goals.