A qualitative exploratory description of the psychosocial challenges of cancer patients receiving palliative care at a major teaching hospital in Ghana

Background: Cancer patients on palliative care encounter psychosocial challenges, including emotional distress, social isolation, and financial constraints, and these can significantly impact the quality of life of these patients. It is essential to understand the diversity of healthcare and its social determinants when providing holistic and effective care for this vulnerable population. Hence, this study examined the psychosocial challenges faced by cancer patients receiving palliative care at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Methods: An exploratory, descriptive, qualitative design was used to capture the rich experiences of participants. Using purposive sampling, 18 participants with different terminal-stage cancers were recruited. Individual face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted in English and Twi. Data collection was approved by the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital Ethics Review Board (KBTH-IRB 00096/2024). Results: Thematic analysis of the data produced two main themes and six subthemes. The main themes include (1) Psychosocial Responses to Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis and (2) Financial and Practical Challenges. The six subthemes include: Emotional and Psychological Responses to Cancer, Impact on Mental Well-being, Impact on Social Interactions and Relationships, Economic Hardships, Healthcare Access, and Practical Implications on Daily Living and Work. Conclusion: The findings advocate for policy reforms by the Ministry of Health and the Ghana Health Service to improve access to affordable and specialist palliative care, emphasizing the importance of integrating psychosocial support strategies into routine care. Future research should focus on trials to explore the long-term benefits of psychosocial interventions on patient outcomes and quality of life. Ultimately, intervention-based research measuring the effectiveness of specific support programs will be beneficial in this area.