A mixed-methods approach to researching extreme heat: Insights from urban Ghana

Extreme heat is both a chronic and acute threat to the health and well-being of urban populations. The aim of this paper is to share experiences from using a range of quantitative and qualitative methods to conduct research on extreme indoor heat, plus highlight the benefits of taking this more holistic approach. Research conducted in urban Ghana measured temperatures in homes and workplaces, evaluated existing coping strategies of residents, and identified affordable retrofitting measures to reduce indoor temperatures. Eight data-gathering techniques were applied within our multi-dimensional research framework: thermistors, wearable sensors, qualitative interviews, thermal comfort surveys, diaries, participatory photography, dynamic thermal modelling, and testing of retrofits using full-scale experimental buildings. Our experiences of using each method are appraised individually and collectively. We contend that culturally and locally nuanced adaptations to extreme indoor heat can only be discerned by a community-led, mixed-methods approach. It is hoped that other multi-faceted studies of extreme heat can benefit from our experiences and reflections.